Sustainability emerged as a recurring theme during the workshops, with participants (n = 11) weighing the trade-offs between conventional and bio-based materials and considering long-term factors such as recyclability and resource efficiency. While cost considerations were occasionally set aside during the workshop, production cost remained a decisive factor for at least 14 participants. Another key element in material selection was application, as intended use dictates technical requirements. Design and engineering practitioners found it challenging to select a material without a specific application, as the application determines material properties and performance needs.
The tool faces several limitations due to data uncertainty and limited transparency, as companies and manufacturers often withhold detailed material information. This research tested the tool as a paper-based prototype, even though its design aims for online implementation. Additionally, the tool relies on third-party validation to substantiate sustainability claims and requires a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of each material throughout its life cycle. Another challenge involves integrating diverse metrics to evaluate material properties and assess their practical applications. Figure 1 reintroduces the evolution of material characterization over time, positioning the proposed tool as a possible next step in this progression.
Figure 1. Evolution over time of Material Properties and Next Step
The research proposed integration of technical and experiential perspectives offer promising avenues for further development of a holistic perspective to understand materials' complexity. The limitations mentioned above must be addressed to improve the viability of the tool and position the approach (technical and experiential perspectives) at a holistic level.
Future Opportunities
The tool prototype was seen as a promising resource with the potential to bridge gaps in material selection for bio-based alternatives. However, its usability must align with the distinct needs of designers, engineers, and manufacturers, as each group engages with material differently. The tool should emphasize applications for design practitioners and highlight compatibility with the production process for engineering practitioners.
Additionally, integrating tactile engagement and visual support would enhance the tool's ability to capture experiential material properties. Participants also emphasized the need to make the tool more experiential and accessible, ensuring it strikes a balance between visual appeal and data-driven insights. By refining its format, usability, and content to incorporate the feedback, the tool proposed could become a practical and widely adopted resource for facilitating the selection and adoption of bio-based materials.